Canon:TSR

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TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company most famous for publishing the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The company was purchased in 1997 by Wizards of the Coast, which no longer uses the TSR name for its products.

History[edit]

Tactical Studies Rules[edit]

Tactical Studies Rules was formed in 1973 as a partnership between Gary Gygax and Don Kaye, scraping together $2,400 for startup costs,[1] as a means to publish formally and sell the rules of Dungeons & Dragons, one of the first modern role-playing games. They first published Cavaliers and Roundheads, a miniature game, to start generating income for TSR. The partnership was subsequently joined by Brian Blume and (temporarily) by Dave Arneson. Blume was admitted to the partnership to fund publishing of D&D instead of waiting for Cavaliers and Roundheads to generate enough revenue.[2] In 1974, TSR (with Gygax's basement as a base of operations) ran off 1,000 copies of Dungeons & Dragons, selling it for $10 and the extra dice needed for another $3.50.[1] TSR published Blume's Panzer Warfare in 1975, a World War II based miniature wargaming set of rules for use with 1:285 scale micro armour.

At its inception, TSR sold its products directly to customers, shipped to game shops and hobby stores, and wholesaled only to three distributors which were manufacturers of miniatures figurines.[3] In 1975, TSR picked up one or two regular distributors.[3] In 1976, TSR joined the Hobby Industry Association of America and began exhibiting at their annual trade show, and began to establish a regular network of distributors.[3]

Tim Kask was hired in 1975 as TSR's first Publications Editor, and the company's first full-time employee.[4] When Don Kaye died of a stroke in 1975, the Tactical Study Rules partnership was dissolved.[5]


TSR Hobbies, Inc.[edit]

Brian Blume and Gary Gygax, the remaining owners, incorporated a new company, TSR Hobbies, Inc.,[5] of which Blume and his father, Melvin Blume, had the larger share. The former assets of the partnership were transferred to TSR Hobbies, Inc. Empire of the Petal Throne became the first game product published under TSR Hobbies, followed by two supplements to the D&D game, Greyhawk and Blackmoor.[5] Also released in 1975 were the board game Dungeon! and the Wild West RPG Boot Hill.[5] TSR began hosting the Gen Con Game Fair in 1976, and featured the first-ever D&D open tournament that year.[5][6] D&D supplments Eldritch Wizardry and Gods, Demi-gods & Heroes were released in 1976, and the original D&D Basic Set was released in 1977.[5] Also in 1977 TSR Hobbies published the original Monster Manual, the first hardbound book ever published by a game company, and the following year the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game was released, with its first product being the Player's Handbook, followed by a series of six adventure modules that had previously only been used in tournaments.[5] Also in 1978, TSR Hobbies moved out of Gygax's home and into downtown Lake Geneva above the Dungeon Hobby Shop.[5] In 1979, the Dungeon Master's Guide was published, and radio ads featuring "Morley the Wizard" were broadcast.[5]

Gygax granted exclusive rights to Games Workshop to distribute TSR products in the UK, after meeting with Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson.[3] Games Workshop printed some original material and also printed their own versions of various D&D and AD&D titles, in order to avoid high import costs.[3] When TSR could not reach an agreement with Games Workshop regarding a possible merger, TSR created a subsidiary operation in the UK.[3] To meet growing international demand, the company TSR, Ltd. was formed in England in 1980.[5] Gygax hired Don Turnbull to head up the operation, which would also extend into continental Europe during the 1980s.[3] TSR, UK. produced and the U and UK series of AD&D modules and B/X1 and X8 for basic D&D,[3] as well as the original Fiend Folio. TSR, UK also produced Imagine magazine for 31 issues.[3]

The first campaign setting for the AD&D game, the World of Greyhawk, was introduced in 1980. The Top Secret espionage role-playing game was introduced in 1980; reportedly, a note written on TSR stationery about a fictitious assassination plot, as part of playtesting the new game, brought the FBI to TSR's offices. That same year, the Role Playing Game Association was formed to promote quality roleplaying and to unite gamers around the country.[5] In 1981, Inc. magazine listed TSR Hobbies as one of the hundred fastest-growing privately held companies in the US. That same year, TSR Hobbies moved offices again to a former medical supply building with an attached warehouse; in 1982, TSR Hobbies broke the 20-million mark in sales.[5]

In 1982, TSR Hobbies decided to terminate the license to Grenadier Miniatures and started producing its own AD&D miniatures line, and then a line of toys, while licensing part of the AD&D toy line to LJN.[3] Also in 1982, TSR introduced two new roleplaying games, Gangbusters and Star Frontiers. Exclusive distribution of the D&D game was established in 22 countries, with the game being translated first into French, followed by many other languages including Danish, Finnish, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, and Swedish. In 1982, an Educational department was established to develop curriculum programs for reading, math, history, and problem solving, with the most successful program being the Endless Quest book series.[5]

Ownership of Melvin Blume's shares were later transferred to Kevin Blume. With the board of directors consisting of Kevin and Brian Blume plus Gygax, Gygax was primarily a figurehead president & CEO of the corporation with Brian Blume as President of creative affairs and Kevin as President, operations effect in 1981. TSR Hobbies sought diversification, acquiring or starting several new business ventures; these include a needlecraft business, miniatures manufacturing, toy and gift ventures, and an Entertainment division to pursue motion picture and television opportunities.[5] The company also acquired the trademarks and copyrights of SPI and Amazing Stories magazine.[5] In 1983, the company was split into four companies, TSR, Inc. (primary successor), TSR International, TSR Ventures and TSR Entertainment, Inc.[2]

Gygax left for Hollywood to found TSR Entertainment, Inc. (later Dungeons & Dragons Entertainment Corp.), which attempted to license D&D products to movie and television executives. His work would eventually lead to only a single license for what later became the Dungeons & Dragons cartoon.[7] However, the series spawned more than 100 different licenses, and led its time slot for two years.[5] The Blumes were forced to leave the company after being accused of misusing corporate funds and accumulating large debts in the pursuit of acquisitions such as latchhook rug kits that were thought to be too broadly targeted.[8] Within a year of the ascension of the Blumes, the company was forced to post a net loss of 1.5 million US dollars, resulting in layoffs for approximately 75% of the staff. Some of these staff members went on to form other prominent game companies such as Pacesetter Games, Mayfair Games and to work with Coleco's video game division.

TSR, Inc., released the Dragonlance saga in 1984 after two years of development, making TSR the number one publisher of fantasy and science fiction novels in the USA.[5] Dragonlance consisted of an entirely new game world promoted both by a series of game supplements and a trilogy of novels written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. "The Dragons of Autumn Twilight", the first novel in the series, reached the top of the New York Times Best Seller list, encouraging TSR to a launch a long series of paperback novels based on the various official settings for D&D.

In 1984, TSR signed a license to publish the Marvel Super Heroes game, the Adventures of Indiana Jones game, and the Conan game. In 1985, the Gen Con game fair moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, due to a need for additional space. The Oriental Adventures hardback for AD&D is released, becoming the biggest seller. TSR introduced the All My Children game, based on the ABC daytime drama, with more than 150,000 copies sold. In 1986, TSR introduced the Dungeon Adventures magazine, a bi-monthly magazine featuring only adventure scenarios for the D&D game.[5]

Williams Ownership[edit]

Gygax, who at that time owned only approximately 30% of the stock, requested that the Board of Directors remove the Blumes as a way of restoring financial health to the company. In an act many saw as retaliation, the Blumes sold their stock to Lorraine Williams.[8] Gygax tried to have the sale declared illegal; after that failed, Gygax sold his remaining stock to Williams and used the capital to form New Infinity Productions.

Williams was a financial planner who saw the potential for transforming the debt-plagued company into a highly profitable one. However, she was disdainful of the gaming field, viewing herself as superior to gamers.[9][10] Williams implemented an internal policy under which playing games was forbidden at the company. This resulted in many products being released without being playtested (some were playtested "on the sly") and a large number of products being released that were incompatible with the existing game system.

TSR released the Forgotten Realms campaign setting in 1987. That same year, a small team of designers began work on the second edition of the AD&D game. In 1988, TSR released a Bullwinkle & Rocky roleplaying game, complete with a spinner and hand puppets. That same year, TSR released a wargame based on Tom Clancy's novel, The Hunt for Red October, which became one of the biggest selling wargames of all time. The Gen Con Game Fair joins forces with its major competitor, Origins. In 1989, the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition is released, with a new Dungeon Master's Guide, Player's Handbook, the first three volumes of the new Monstrous Compendium, The Complete Fighter's Handbook, The Complete Thief's Handbook, and a new campaign setting, Spelljammer, all released in the same year. Also in 1989, the RPGA Network branched out into additional countries, including Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the U.K., Israel, and Australia.[5]

Through Williams' direction, TSR solidified its expansion into other fields, such as magazines, paperback fiction, and comic books. Through her family, Williams personally held the rights to the Buck Rogers license and encouraged TSR to produce Buck Rogers games and novels. TSR would end up publishing a board game and a role-playing game, the latter based on the AD&D 2nd Edition rules.[8]

In 1990, the Ravenloft setting was released, and Count Strahd von Zarovich soon became one of the most popular and enduring villains. The West Coast division of TSR was opened in order to develop various entertainment projects, including a series of science fiction, horror, and action/adventure comic books. In 1991, TSR released the Dark Sun campaign setting, as well as an introductory Dungeons & Dragons game aimed at beginners. TSR also released the first set of three annual sets of collector cards in 1991. In 1992, TSR released the Al-Qadim setting. TSR's first hardcover novel, Legacy by R. A. Salvatore was released in that year, and climbed to the top of the New York Times bestseller list within weeks. In 1992, the Gen Con Game Fair broke all previous attendance records - for any U.S. gaming convention - with more than 18,000 people in attendance. In 1993, the DragonStrike Entertainment product is released as a new approach to gaining new players, including a 30-minute video which explains the concepts of role-playing. 1994 saw the release of the Planescape campaign setting.[5]

By the early 1990s, the profits from TSR's fiction department actually far surpassed that of their gaming publications. During the height of its success, TSR made an annual profit of over one million U.S. dollars, and maintained a staff of 400 employees.

However, problems grew in the company's business practices. After the emergence of collectible card games, TSR released several new collectable game lines: Dragon Dice and Spellfire. Neither found great success in the market place. Their inventory control became virtually nonexistent, and their warehouse became packed full of unsellable product. At the same time, TSR began retaliating against fan fiction and other creative work derived from TSR intellectual property, which angered many long-time customers and fans. Other new entrants into the RPG genre introduced competing fantasy worlds, which fragmented the RPG community, further reducing TSR's already wilting consumer base. TSR itself introduced no fewer than six campaign settings over the 1990s (Al-Qadim, Birthright, Council of Wyrms, Dark Sun, Planescape and Ravenloft, in addition to the traditional five settings of Mystara, Dragonlance, Forgotten Realms, Greyhawk and Spelljammer), diluting its own fan base and creating competition between its expensive boxed campaign sets. Some campaign boxed sets (particularly Planescape) actually sold for less money than they cost to make. These and other factors, such as a disastrous year for its fiction lines in 1996 (over one million copies of tie-in books for various game lines were returned to TSR that year), led to TSR ending accumulating over $30 million in debt by 1996, and having to endure multiple rounds of layoffs.[10]

Ryan Dancey, Vice President of Wizards of the Coast, believed that TSR failed before of "...a near total inability to listen to its customers, hear what they were saying, and make changes to make those customers happy."[11]

With the decline of TSR, Wizards of the Coast, publishers of the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering, became the largest role-playing game company. Wizards of the Coast purchased TSR and its intellectual properties in 1997,[6] ending the company's slow fall from grace.[12] TSR employees were given the opportunity to transfer to Wizards of the Coast's offices in Washington; some accepted the offer. Corporate offices in the Lake Geneva office were closed. Over the next few years, various parts of the company were resold to other companies, while in 1999, Wizards of the Coast was itself purchased by Hasbro, Inc. In 2002 Gen Con was sold to Peter Adkison's Gen Con, LLC.[13] Also in 2002 TSR's magazines were transferred to Paizo Publishing.[14] The TSR brand name continued for several years, then was retired. Soon after, TSR trademarks were allowed to expire.

Fiction[edit]

In 1984, TSR started publishing novels based on their games. Most D&D campaign settings had their own novel line, the most successful of which were the Dragonlance and Forgotten Realms lines with dozens of novels released in each.

TSR also published the 1995 novel Buck Rogers: A Life in the Future by Martin Caidin, a standalone reimagining of the Buck Rogers universe and unrelated to TSR's Buck Rogers XXVC game.

TSR published quite a number of fantasy and science fiction novels unconnected with their gaming products, such as L. Dean James' "Red Kings of Wynnamyr" novels, Sorcerer's Stone (1991) and Kingslayer (1992); Mary H. Herbert's five "Gabria" novels (Valorian, Dark Horse, Lightning's Daughter, City of the Sorcerers and Winged Magic); and also humorous fantasy fiction including Roy V. Young's "Count Yor" novels Captains Outrageous (1994) and Yor's Revenge(1995). However such projects never represented more than a fraction of the company's fiction output, which retained a strong emphasis on game-derived works.

Criticism[edit]

After its initial success faded, the company turned to legal defenses of what it regarded as its intellectual property. In addition, there were several legal cases brought regarding who had invented what within the company and the division of royalties, including several lawsuits against Gygax.[15] These actions reached their nadir when the company threatened to sue individuals supplying game material on Internet sites. In the mid-1990s, this led to frequent use of the nickname "T$R" in discussions on RPG-related Internet mailing lists and Usenet, as the company was widely perceived as attacking its customers. Increasing product proliferation did not help matters; many of the product lines overlapped and were separated by what seemed like minor points (even the classic troika of Greyhawk, the Forgotten Realms and Dragonlance suffered in this regard).

The company was the subject of an urban myth stating that it tried to trademark the term "Nazi". This was based on a supplement for the Indiana Jones RPG in which some figures were marked with "NaziTM". This notation was in compliance with the list of trademarked character names supplied by Lucasfilm's legal department.[16] Later references to the error would forget its origin and slowly morph into stories of TSR's trying to register such a trademark, possibly aided by TSR's own reputation late in its existence as a "trademark Nazi" company.

Books[edit]

Publisher Publication List
Publication System Month Published
The Great Bugbear Hunt Dungeons and Dragons 1e 19 JL
Return of the Eight Dungeons and Dragons 1e 19 JL
Palace of the Vampire Queen Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1976
The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1976
Monster Manual Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1977
Player's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1978
Vault of the Drow Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1978
Glacial Rift of the Frost Giant Jarl Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1978
Shrine of the Kuo-Toa Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1978
Descent into the Depths of the Earth Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1978
In Search of the Unknown Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
Steading of the Hill Giant Chief Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
The Keep on the Borderlands Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
White Plume Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
Greyhawk Dungeons and Dragons Oe 1979
The Ghost Tower of Inverness Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
Dungeon Masters Guide Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1979
Dwellers of the Forbidden City Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
Hall of the Fire Giant king Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
The Isle of Dread Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
Slave Pits of the Undercity Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
The Hidden Shrine of Tamoachan Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
Deities & Demigods Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1980
Castle Amber Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
The Village of Hommlet Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
Against the Giants Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
Palace of the Silver Princess Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
The Secret of Bone Hill Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
Fiend Folio Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
The Sinister Secret of Saltmarsh Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
Assault on the Aerie of the Slave Lords Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1981
Quests from the Infinite Staircase Dungeons and Dragons 5e, Dungeons and Dragons 1e 15 July 2024, 1982
The Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
The Lost City Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Danger at Dunwater Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Curse of Xanathon Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
To the Aid of Falx Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Doc's Island Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Pharaoh Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Against the Cult of the Reptile God Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
The Investigation of Hydell Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Tomb of the Lizard King Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1982
Monster Manual II Dungeons and Dragons 1e December 1982
Lost Tomb of Martek Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Final Enemy Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Sentinel Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Temple of Death Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Shady Dragon Inn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Horror on the Hill Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Oasis of the White Palm Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Forgotten King Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Land Beyond the Magic Mirror Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Ravenloft Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Beyond the Crystal Cave Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Elixir of Life Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1983
The Assassin's Knot Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Blizzard Pass Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Master of the Desert Nomads Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Gem and the Staff Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Maze of the Riddling Minotaur Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
Black Opal Eye Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1983
Dungeonland Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1983
The Veiled Society Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Forest Oracle Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Journey to The Rock Dungeons and Dragons (Basic Rules) 1984
Sabre River Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Conan Against Darkness! Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Book of Marvelous Magic Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Dragons of Hope Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The War Rafts of Kron Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Ghost of Lion Castle Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Mordenkainen's Fantastic Adventure Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Rahasia Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Lathan's Gold Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Death's Ride Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Conan Unchained! Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Gauntlet Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Incants of Ishcabeble Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1984
When a Star Falls Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Quest for the Heartstone Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Kidnapping of Princess Arelina Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Dragons of Desolation Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Midnight on Dagger Alley Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Quagmire Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Treasure of the Hideous One Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Test of the Warlords Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
The Lost Island of Castanamir Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Blade of Vengeance Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Dragons of Mystery Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
All That Glitters Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Dragons of Flame Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Dragons of Despair Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Drums on Fire Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
Eye of the Serpent Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1984
And the Gods Will Have Their Way Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1984
Dragons of Autumn Twilight Novel November 1984
Master Player Screen Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
To Find a King Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Deceit Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Red Arrow, Black Shield Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Oriental Adventures Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dark Clouds Gather Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Glory Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Player Character Record Sheets Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Bloodstone Pass Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Spring Dawning Novel 1985
Earthshaker Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
The Savage Coast Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Into the Maelstrom Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
The Temple of Elemental Evil Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Mystery of the Snow Pearls Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Swords of the Undercity Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Isle of the Ape Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Winter Night Novel 1985
Unearthed Arcana Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Thunderdelve Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Where Chaos Reigns Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
The Revenge of Rusak Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of War Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Castle Caldwell and Beyond Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Ice Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Baltron's Beacon Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
The Bane of Llywelyn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Dragons of Light Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1985
Saga of the Shadow Lord Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Day of Al'Akbar Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Destiny of Kings Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1986
Destiny of Kings Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Wilderness Survival Guide Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Nights Dark Terror Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Temple of the Frog Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Vengeance of Alphaks Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1986
The Immortal Storm Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Up the Garden Path Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Creature Catalogue Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
The Mines of Bloodstone Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Treasure Hunt Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Ravager of Time Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Dragons of Truth Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Dungeoneer's Survival Guide Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Dragons of Triumph Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Scourge of the Slave Lords Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Queen of the Spiders Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Red Sonja Unconquered Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Ravenloft II: The House on Gryphon Hill Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Swords of the Daimyo Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Twilight Calling Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
The Tree of Life Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Night of the Seven Swords Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Adventures in Blackmoor Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Dragons of Faith Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Swords of Deceit Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1986
Time of the Twins Novel February 1986
War of the Twins Novel May 1986
Test of the Twins Novel August 1986
Talons of Night Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Legacy of Blood Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Emirates of Ylaruam Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
City of the Gods Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Egg of the Phoenix Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Grand Duchy of Karameikos Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Ochimo: The Spirit Warrior Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Endless Stair Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Crown of Ancient Glory Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Needle Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Under Illefarn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Five Coins for a Kingdom Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Kingdom of Ierendi Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Skarda's Mirror Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Principalities of Glantri Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Official RPGA Tournament Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Bestiary of Dragons and Giants Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Adventure Pack I Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Duchy of Ten Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Best of Intentions Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Bloodstone Wars Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
In Search of Adventure Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Book of Wondrous Inventions Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Blood of the Yakuza Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Shattered Statue Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Dragonlance Adventures Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
The Wrath of Olympus Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1987
Manual of the Planes Dungeons and Dragons 1e July 1987
World of Krynn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Orcs of Thar Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Minrothad Guilds Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Mad Monkey vs. the Dragon Claw Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Kara-Tur: The Eastern Realms Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Greyhawk Adventures Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Dwarves of Rockhome Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Swords of the Iron Legion Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Elves of Alfheim Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Legend of Huma Novel 1988
Mists of Kyrnn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Castle Greyhawk Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Five Shires Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
Tales of the Outer Planes Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Northern Reaches Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
The Throne of Bloodstone Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1988
AD&D Adventures in Space Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Fate of Istus Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
Monstrous Compendium Volume Two Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
King's Festival Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
Dawn of the Emperors: Thyatis and Alphatia Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
The Golden Khan of Ethengar Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
In Search of Dragons Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Child's Play Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Queen's Harvest Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
Player's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989, 1995
Dungeon Master's Guide Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Dragon Keep Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
The Republic of Darokin Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
Monstrous Compendium Volume Three Forgotten Realms Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Test of the Samurai Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1989
Gargoyle Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Time of the Dragon Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Puppets Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Monstrous Compendium Volume One Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1989
Darkness and Light Novel 28 September 1989
Kendermore Novel 30 November 1989
Nehwon Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Greyhawk Ruins Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Hollow World Dungeons and Dragons (Basic Rules) 1990
Crystal Spheres Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Monstrous Compendium Greyhawk Adventures Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Prince of Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Falconmaster Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Flames of the Falcon Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Dragon Dawn Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Legions of Thyatis Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Monstrous Compendium Spelljammer Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
The Horde Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Arena of Thyatis Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Wonders of Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Vecna Lives Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Dragons Rest Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Monstrous Compendium Dragonlance Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
The Complete Wizard's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Thieves of Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Vale of the Mage Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Feast of the Goblyns Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Wildspace Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Ninja Wars Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Dragon Knight Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Monstrous Compendium Kara-Tur Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Nightwail Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Kaz the Minotaur Novel 1990
The Shadow Elves Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Ronin Challenge Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Skull & Crossbows Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Dark and Hidden Ways Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Lost Ships Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Kara-Tur Trail Map Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1990
Falcon's Revenge Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1990
Brothers Majere Novel 14 January 1990
Riverwind the Plainsman Novel 31 March 1990
Dwarves Deep Dungeons and Dragons 2e October 1990
Eye of Tralder Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1991
Howl from the North Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Oak Lords Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Realmspace Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Tree Lords Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Under the Dark Fist Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Sons of Azca Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1991
Five Shall Be One Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Under The Dark Fist Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Spelljammer Dungeon Master's Screen Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Wild Elves Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Monstrous Compendium Forgotten Realms Appendix II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Nightrage Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Dymrak Dread Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1991
Freedom Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
The Atruaghin Clans Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1991
Monstrous Compendium Spelljammer Appendix II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Goblins' Return Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Practical Planetology Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Dragonlance Classics Volume 1 Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Ship of Horror Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Kingdom of Nithia Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Touch of Death Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
New Beginnings Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Arms and Equipment Guide Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
The Legend of Spelljammer Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1991
Nightstorm Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1991
Kindred Spirits Novel April 1991
Beyond the Moons Novel July 1991
Into the Void Novel September 1991
Wanderlust Novel September 1991
The Complete Bard's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Arcane Shadows Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Tales of the Lance Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Assault on Raven's Ruin Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
The Milenian Scepter Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Golden Voyages Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Wizard's Challenge Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Sword and Shield Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Arabian Adventures Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Monster Mythology Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Quest for the Silver Sword Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Slayers of Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Asticlian Gambit Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Treasures of Greyhawk Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Patriots of Ulek Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
The Milenian Empire Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Land of Fate Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Thunder Rift Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Gold & Glory Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
War Captain's Companion Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Flints Axe Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Road to Urik Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Rary the Traitor Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Rock of Bral Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Monstrous Compendium Al-Qadim Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
The Complete Book of Elves Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Fighters Challenge Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Knight's Sword Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Heart of the Enemy Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
The Jade Hare Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Poor Wizard's Almanac and Book of Facts Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
Tales of Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1992
From the Ashes Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
Greyspace Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1992
The Maelstrom's Eye Novel May 1992
The Oath and the Measure Novel May 1992
The Radiant Dragon Novel November 1992
Dwarven Kingdoms of Krynn Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Iuz the Evil Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Thief's Challenge Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
The Marklands Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
City of Delights Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
The Astromundi Cluster Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Krynnspace Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Classics Vol. 2 Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
The Complete Book of Humanoids Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
The Murky Deep Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Dragon's Crown Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
The Knight of Newts Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
Border Watch Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Space Lairs Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Assassin Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Earth, Air, Fire, and Water Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Tales of Enchantment Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
Rage of the Rakasta Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
Monstrous Manual Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Marauders of Nibenay Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Merchant House of Amketch Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
The City of Skulls Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Secrets of the Lamp Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Dragon Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
A Dozen and One Adventures Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
Swamplight Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
Cleric's Challenge Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1993
The Land Reborn Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
In the Phantom's Wake Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1993
Before the Mask Novel April 1993
The Broken Sphere Novel May 1993
The Ultimate Helm Novel September 1993
Emperor of Ansalon Novel December 1993
Corsairs of the Great Sea Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Black Spine Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Ruined Kingdoms Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Dragonlance Classics Volume 3 Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Planes of Chaos Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Caravans Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Fighter's Challenge II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
The Complete Sha'ir's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Wizard's Challenge II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Masque of the Red Death Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Encyclopedia Magica Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994, 1995
Forest Maker Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Cities of Bone Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Planescape Campaign Setting Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Hail the Heroes Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Temple, Tower, and Tomb Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1994
Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Night of the Vampire Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1994
The Second Generation Novel February 1994
The Dragons of Krynn Novel March 1994
Council of Wyrms Dungeons and Dragons 2e July 1994, 1999
Avengers in Lankhmar Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1995
The Complete Book of Necromancers Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Planes of Law Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Harbinger House Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Mark of Amber Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Birthright Campaign Setting Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Warlock of the Stonecrowns Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
In the Cage: A Guide to Sigil Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Thief's Challenge II: Beacon Point Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Sword and Crown Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1995
Planes of Conflict Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Labyrinth of Madness Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Chronomancer Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Night Below Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Cities of the Sun Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
The Dancing Hut of Baba Yaga Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Cleric's Challenge II Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
The Factol's Manifesto Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1995
Knights of the Crown Novel March 1995
The Irda Novel June 1995
Dragons of Summer Flame Novel November 1995
Legends of the Hero-Kings Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Eye to Eye Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
On Hallowed Ground Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Eye of Doom Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1996
The Silver Key Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
The Gates of Firestorm Peak Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
The Sword of Roele Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Netheril: Empire of Magic Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Uncaged: Faces of Sigil Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
A Hero's Tale Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Treasure Tales Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
The New Adventures of Fafhrd and Gray Mouser Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Black Flames Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1996
Heroes of Steel SAGA 1996
The Planewalker's Handbook Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Eye of Pain Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
The Rjurik Highlands Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
The Rod of Seven Parts Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1996
Theros Ironfeld Novel March 1996
The Dragons at War Novel May 1996
The Dawning of a New Age Novel September 1996
The Doom Brigade Novel November 1996
Lord Soth Novel December 1996
Night of the Shark Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1997
Tribes of the Heartless Wastes Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1997
King of the Giantdowns Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1997
Domains of Dread Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1997
Sea of Blood Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1997
Evil Tide Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1997
The Star of Kolhapur Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1997
Dead Gods Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1997
Powers & Pantheons Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1997
The Dragons of Chaos Novel January 1997
Jakandor, Island of War Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1997
The Day of the Tempest Novel August 1997
Jakandor, Isle of Destiny Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Star Cairns Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
A Paladin in Hell Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Reunion Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
A Guide to the Ethereal Plane Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix III Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Jakandor, Land of Legend Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Inner Planes Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Palanthas SAGA 1998
Greyhawk Player's Guide Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Lost Shrine of Bundushatur Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1998
Crypt of Lyzandred the Mad Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Doomgrinder Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Faction War Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Demihuman Deities Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Adventure Begins Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Moonlight Madness Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Vecna Reborn Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
Road to Danger Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1998
The Eve of the Maelstrom Novel February 1998
Deep Dwarven Delve Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1999
Axe of the Dwarvish Lords Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1999
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
Eye of the Wyvern Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1999
Warriors of Heaven Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
Wrath of the Minotaur Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
Return to White Plume Mountain Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
The Shattered Circle Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
The Scarlet Brotherhood Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
Against the Giants: The Liberation of Geoff Dungeons and Dragons 2e 1999
TSR Jam 1999 Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1999
Dungeons of Despair Dungeons and Dragons 1e 1999
Heroes and Fools Novel July 1999
The Apocalypse Stone Dungeons and Dragons 2e 2000
The Vortex of Madness and Other Planar Perils Dungeons and Dragons 2e 2000
Reverse Dungeon Dungeons and Dragons 1e 2000
Slavers Dungeons and Dragons 2e 2000
Die Vecna Die Dungeons and Dragons 1e 2000
Die Vecna Die! Dungeons and Dragons 2e 2000
Elfshadow Novel April 2000
Chosen of the Gods Novel November 2001

Notes[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kushner, David. "Dungeon Master: The Life and Legacy of Gary Gygax". Wired.com. http://www.wired.com/gaming/virtualworlds/news/2008/03/ff_gygax. Retrieved 2008-10-16. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Sacco, Ciro Alessandro (2 2007). "An Interview with Gary Gygax, Part I" (PDF). OD&Dities issue 9. Richard Tongue. pp. 7. http://www.dragonsfoot.org/files/pdf/ODD09.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ODD009" defined multiple times with different content
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Sacco, Ciro Alessandro. "The Ultimate Interview with Gary Gygax". thekyngdoms.com. http://www.thekyngdoms.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=37. Retrieved 2008-10-24. 
  4. Kask, Tim. "GROGNARDIA: Interview: Tim Kask (Part I)". Grognardia.blogspot.com. http://grognardia.blogspot.com/2008/09/interview-tim-kask-part-i.html. Retrieved 2008-10-19. 
  5. 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 "The History of TSR". Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2008-10-04. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wizards.com%2Fdnd%2FDnDArchives_History.asp&date=2008-10-04. Retrieved 2005-08-20. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 "Dungeons & Dragons FAQ". Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wizards.com%2Fdnd%2FDnDArchives_FAQ.asp&date=2008-10-03. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 
  7. Rausch, Allen (2004-08-16). "Gary Gygax Interview - Part 2". GameSpy. IGN. http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538820p1.html. Retrieved 2006-07-05. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Rausch, Allen (16 August 2004). "Magic & Memories: The Complete History of Dungeons & Dragons - Part II". GameSpy. IGN. http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/539/539197p1.html. Retrieved 2008-12-20. 
  9. "gygaxfaq: What Happened to Gygax - TSR?". gygax.com. Archived from the original on 1999-01-28. http://web.archive.org/web/19990128161605/http://www.gygax.com/gygaxfaq.html#What%20Happened%20to%20Gygax%20-%20TSR?. Retrieved 2006-07-04. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 "Magic & Memories: The Complete History of Dungeons & Dragons - Part III: Mazes & Monsters". Gamespy. 2004-08-17. pp. 1. http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/539/539628p1.html. Retrieved 2006-07-04. 
  11. Dancey, Ryan. "Archived Record". Archived from the original on 2004-05-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20040530094717/http://atlasofadventure.com/Archive/TSR1997Buyout.asp. Retrieved 2008-03-29. 
  12. Tidwell, Ken (1997-04-10). "Wizards of the Coast to acquire TSR". http://www.gamecabinet.com. The Game Cabinet. http://www.gamecabinet.com/news/TSRWotC.html. Retrieved 2006-09-14. 
  13. "Biography, Peter D. Adkison". Gen Con LLC. http://www.gencon.com/2006/indy/press/peter.aspx. Retrieved 2006-07-04. 
  14. Wizards of the Coast (2002-07-08). "Wizards of the Coast Signs Exclusive Publishing Agreement With Paizo Publishing, LLC To Produce Top Hobby Industry Magazines". Press release. http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=company/pr/20020708b. Retrieved 2008-12-20. 
  15. La Farge, Paul (September 2006). "Destroy All Monsters". The Believer Magazine. Archived from the original on 2008-10-04. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.believermag.com%2Fissues%2F200609%2F%3Fread%3Darticle_lafarge&date=2008-10-04. 
  16.  (2007-08). 40 Years of Gen Con. (Atlas Games), p. 139.

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